Some of the risk factors for initiation/low involvement are:[1]
- Some “problem behaviors,” “bad conduct”
- Having friends with problem behaviors
- Having friends who are involved with drugs, particularly friends with “problem behaviors;” peer influences encouraging and facilitating drug involvement
- Drug availability
- Unconventionality; rebelliousness
- Low involvement with traditional value-oriented institutions (i.e. family, religious institutions, school)
- Poor academic performance
- Poor quality relations with (and attachment to) parents and/or having parents with problems; poor parenting